Agriculture has played a big role in the development of human civilization. In the ancient time, the human beings used to lead a life of hunter and gatherer and move from on place to another place. They did not have any fixed shelter. With the invention of cultivation arouse the need of staying at one place and man started to settle down. Production of crops, which includes both food crops and cash crops. With the help of agriculture we grow a variety of plants, animals and other life forms and get the food, fiber and other goods.

In the last hundred years agriculture has gone through a tremendous development process. Use of synthetic nitrogen, pesticides, and mechanization, has led to the great increase in yield.

Crop Production involves the production of any kinds of crops, food crops. Any plant that is cultivated in significant quantities to be harvested as food, livestock fodder, or for another financial purpose can be called crop. The food crops are cultivated for being harvested as food grains and serve as the main diet of us. Apart from food crops there are a variety of other crops, which are used for industrial purposes. The cash crops are grown for the purpose of making profit.

Water is one of the most important inputs essential for the production of crops. Plants need it continuously during their life and in huge quantities. It profoundly influences photosynthesis, respiration, absorption, translocation and utilization of mineral nutrients, and cell division besides some other processes. Both its shortage and excess affects the growth and development of a plant directly and, consequently, its yield and quality.